Composing…
Composing…
Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad · c. 500 BCE – 200 CE · Vedic Sanskrit · Atharvaveda
Traditional: Ṛṣi Aṅgiras tradition
Scholarly note: Famous two-bird simile and distinction of “higher” vs “lower” knowledge.
Contrast lower Vidyā (ritual science) with higher Brahmavidyā leading to liberation.
Extent · Three muṇḍakas, two khaṇḍas each
Teacher–student dialogues in nested sections.